-"Truth of War for a Soldier" Essay
Chemistry Lab
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Formula of a Hydrate Lab
I. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the formula of a hydrate using understanding of chemical formulas, mole ratios and molar masses.
II. Background Information: A hydrate is an inorganic salt with water molecules bonded to them as part of the crystal structure. An inorganic molecule is something that is not carbon based. The fact that a hydrate also contains salt means that it is an ionicly bonded with a non-metal anion and a metal cation. In a hydrate there is a very specific ratio for the numbers of water molecules compared to the number of inorganic salt molecules, this ratio changes for every different form of hydrate. The water molecules of a hydrate can be removed using heat, when this change takes place the color changes from blue to a greenish-grey. After all of the water is removed from a hydrate, it is known as anhydrous.
III. Materials and Equipment:
· Salt*nH20
· Crucible tongs
· Crucible
· Bunsen burner
· Electronic balance
IV. Procedure:
1. Get crucible.
2. Mass crucible and record.
3. Put hydrate into crucible, mass and record.
4. Subtract mass of crucible from mass of crucible and hydrate, record.
5. Put hydrate over Bunsen burner.
6. Let sit until hydrate turns greenish-grey.
7. Take mass.
8. But back on Bunsen burner for three more minutes.
9. Take mass, if the same as before, if the mass is the same as last time move on, if it has changed repeat steps 7-9 until it doesn’t change.
10. Subtract mass of crucible alone from the current mass of anhydrous mixture and crucible.
11. Find the molar mass of CuSO4.
12. Find the molar mass of H2O.
13. Find the number of moles for CuSO4.
14. Find the number of moles for H2O.
15. Find the ratio between them.
V. Safety:
· The hydrate is toxic.
· The Bunsen burner and the crucible, when heated, can burn you.
· Make sure to let the crucible cool before handling it.
· Heat crucible slowly to avoid splattering.
· Wave Bunsen burner from side to side under crucible.
· Preheat crucible for 3 minutes before adding anything.
VI. Results:
The Hydrate weighed 3 grams before the reaction
The Hydrate weighed 0.739 grams after the reaction
2.261 of the grams are H20
0.739 of the grams are CuSO4
The molar mass of CuSO4 is:
63.546+32.066+(15.999*4)
159.608
The molar mass of H2O
(1.0079*2)+15.999
18.0148
The number of moles in CuSO4 is:
.739 grams of CuSO4*1 mole of CuSO4 =
159.608 grams CuSO4
0.00463 moles of CuSO4
The number of moles in H2O is:
2.261 grams of H2O*1 mole of H2O =
18.0148 grams of H2O
0.126 moles of H2O
.739/.739=1
2.261/.739=3.06
There is a ratio of 3.06/1 H2O/CuSO4
VII. Conclusion/Discussion:
The percent error of my lab was:
3.06-5*100=
5
61.2%
The properties that I used to turn the hydrate into its anhydrous form were definitely chemical. One way to see that a chemical change has taken place is to take note that there was a change in color, and when heated, the hydrate went from blue to a greenish-grey, certainly a chemical change took place as the H2O molecules were removed from the CuSO4.
The moles of H2O that I got from my lab were rather different from the actual versions, easily shown by the fact that I have 61.2% error. I was a little less than two full digits off from the actual answer. The reason for this, I am sure, is that I simply did not let all of the H2O molecules separate from the hydrate by not keeping it on the Bunsen burner long enough.
Veteran Interview Questions
- Sections 1 and 2
1. Where and when were you born?
2. What did your parents do?
3. Do you have any siblings, if so, how many?
4. Do you have any relatives who have served in the military?
5. What were you doing before your commission?
6. Why did you choose to join the military?
7. Why did you choose the air force?
8. For how long and where did you train?
9. What was the hardest aspect of adapting to military life
10. How old were you when you when you were deployed?
"Gulf of Tonkin" Essay
-"Gulf of Tonkin" Essay
Cold War/ Vietnam War Test
- Not digital
Pictures of "Truth of War for a Soldier" Project
- "Truth of War for a Soldier" Project Pictures
Spanish Book
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"Truth of War for a Soldier" Pictures
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